1. Lapin IP, Oxenkrug GF. Intensification of the central serotoninergic processes as a possible determinant of the thymoleptic effect. Lancet. 1969;1:32–39. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
2. Rubin RT, Mandell AJ, Crandall PH. Corticosteroid responses to limbic stimulation in man: Localization of stimulus sites. Science. 1966;153:767–768. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
3. Lapin IP. Convulsions and tremor in immature rats after intraperitoneal injection of kynurenine and its metabolites. Pharmacol Res Comm. 1978;10:81–84. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
4. Lapin IP. Neurokynurenines (NEKY) as common neurochemical links of stress and anxiety. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2003;527:121–125. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
5. Oxenkrug GF, Lapin IP. Kynurenine pathway of the metabolism of tryptophan and its possible neuropharmacologic role. In: Yakovelev V, editor. Chemistry and pharmacology of indole compounds. Kishinev: Stinza; 1975. pp. 5–18. [Google Scholar]
6. Lapin IP. Antagonism of kynurenic acid to anxiogens in mice. Life Sci. 1998;63:PL231–PL236. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
7. Lapin IP. Kynurenines and anxiety. Adv Exp Med Biol. 1996;398:191–194. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
8. Schwarcz R, Pellicciari R. Manipulation of brain kynurenines: glial targets, neuronal effects, and clinical opportunities. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2002;303:1–10. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
9. Hayaishi O. Properties and function of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. J Biochem (Tokyo) 1976;79:13P–21P. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
10. Gál EM, Sherman AD. L-kynurenine: its synthesis and possible regulatory function in brain. Neurochem Res. 1980;5:223–239. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
11. Kopin IJ, Pare CB, Axelrod J, Weissbach H. The fate of melatonin in animals. J Biol Chem. 1961;236:3072–3075. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
12. Walsh HA, Daya S. Inhibition of hepatic tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase: Superior potency of melatonin over serotonin. J Pineal Res. 1997;23:20–23. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
13. Lewy AJ, Wehr TA, Goodwin FK, et al. Light suppresses melatonin secretion in humans. Science. 1980;210:1267–1269. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
14. Brzezinski A, Vangel MG, Wurtman RJ, Norrie G, Zhdanova I, et al. Effects of exogenous melatonin on sleep: A meta-analysis. Sleep Med Rev. 2005;9:41–50. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
15. Oxenkrug GF, Requintina PJ. Melatonin and jet lag syndrome: Experimental model and clinical implications. CNS Spectrums. 2003;8:139–148. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
16. Oxenkrug GF. Genetic and hormonal regulation of the kynurenine pathway of tryptophan metabolism: new target for clinical intervention in vascular dementia, depression and aging. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2007;1122:35–49. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
17. Guidetti P, Amori L, Sapko MT, et al. Mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase: A third kynurenate-producing enzyme in the mammalian brain. J Neurochem. 2007;102:103–111. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
18. Zarate CA, Jr, Quiroz JA, Singh JB, et al. An open-label trial of the glutamate-modulating agent riluzole in combination with lithium for the treatment of bipolar depression. Biol Psychiatry. 2005;57:430–432. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
19. Krystal JH, Karper LP, Seibyl JP, et al. Subanesthetic effects of the noncompetitive NMDA antagonist, ketamine, in humans. Psychotomimetic, perceptual, cognitive, and neuroendocrine responses. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1994;51:199–214. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
20. Zawilska JB, Rosiak J, Senderecka M, Nowak JZ. Suppressive effect of NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 on nocturnal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activity in the rat pineal gland. Pol J Pharmacol. 1997;49:479–483. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
21. Müller N, Schwarz M. A psychoneuroimmunological perspective to Emil Kraepelins dichotomy: Schizophrenia and major depression as inflammatory CNS disorders. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2008;258:97–106. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
22. Oxenkrug GF. Tryptophan metabolism as a new target for the treatment of schizophrenia. US Psychiatry Review. 2007:38–39. (Touch Briefings) [Google Scholar]
23. Oxenkrug GF. Antioxidant effects of N-acetylserotonin: Possible mechanisms and clinical implications. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2005;1053:334–347. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
24. Melillo G, Cox DW, Biragyn A, Sheffler LA. Regulation of nitric-oxide synthase mRNA expression by interferon-gamma and picolinic acid. J Biol Chem. 1994;269:8128–8133. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
25. Schwieler L, Erhardt S, Nilsson L, et al. Effects of COX-1 and COX-2 inhibitors on the firing of rat midbrain dopaminergic neurons - possible involvement of endogenous kynurenic acid. Synapse. 2006;59:290–298. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
26. Manev G, Manev R. 5-lipoxygenase as a possible biological link between depressive symptoms and atherosclerosis. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2007;64:1333. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
27. Oxenkrug GF. Metabolic syndrome, age-associated neuroendocrine disorders and dysregulation of tryptophan - kynurenine pathway metabolism. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2009 (in press) [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
28. Oxenkrug GF. Antidepressant effect of N-acetylserotonin in relation to aging, hypertension and cancer. In: Berstein L, editor. Hormones, age and cancer. St. Petersburg: Nauka; 2005. pp. 140–158. [Google Scholar]
29. Forrest CM, Mackay GM, Stoy N, Egerton M, Christofides J, Stone TW, Darlington LG. Tryptophan loading induces oxidative stress. Free Radic Res. 2004;38:1167–1171. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
30. Rubin RT. Adrenal cortical activity changes in manic-depressive illness. Influence on intermediary metabolism of tryptophan. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1967;17:671–679. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
31. Bender DA, Laing AE, Vale JA, et al. The effects of oestrogen administration on tryptophan metabolism in rats and in menopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy. Biochem Pharmacol. 1983;32:843–848. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
32. Shibata K, Toda S. Effects of sex hormones on the metabolism of tryptophan to niacin and to serotonin in male rats. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem. 1997;61:1200–1202. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
33. Taylor MW, Feng GS. Relationship between interferongamma, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase, and tryptophan catabolism. FASEB J. 1991;5:2516–2522. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
34. Widner B, Ledochowski M, Fuchs D. Interferon-gamma-induced tryptophan degradation: Neuropsychiatric and immunological consequences. Curr Drug Metab. 2000;1:193–204. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
35. Alberati-Giani D, Ricciardi-Castagnoli P, Köhler C, Cesura AM. Regulation of the kynurenine metabolic pathway by interferon-gamma in murine cloned macrophages and microglial cells. J Neurochem. 1996;66:996–1004. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
36. Sweeten TL, Ferris M, McDougle CJ, et al. Induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in vivo by IFN-con1. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2001;21:631–633. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
37. Taylor JL, Grossberg SE. The effects of interferon-alpha on the production and action of other cytokines. Semin Oncol. 1998;25:23–29. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
38. Capuron L, Miller AH. Cytokines and psychopathology: Lessons from interferon-alpha. Biol Psychiatry. 2004;56:819–824. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
39. Wichers MC, Koek GH, Robaeys G, Verkerk R, Scharpé S, Maes M. IDO and interferon-alpha-induced depressive symptoms: A shift in hypothesis from tryptophan depletion to neurotoxicity. Mol Psychiatry. 2005;10:538–544. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
40. Bonaccorso S, Meltzer HY, Maes M. Psychological and behavioral effects of interferons. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 2000;13:673–677. [Google Scholar]
41. Robinson CM, Hale PT, Carlin JM. The role of IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha-responsive regulatory elements in the synergistic induction of indoleamine dioxygenase. J Interferon Cytokine Res. 2005;25:20–30. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
42. Wilson AG, de Vries N, Pociot F, et al. An allelic polymorphism within the human tumor necrosis factor-alpha promoter region is strongly associated with HLA A1, B8, and DR3 alleles. J Exp Med. 1993;177:557–560. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
43. Liebau C, Baltzer AW, Schmidt S, et al. Interleukin-12 and interleukin-18 induce indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) activity in human osteosarcoma cell lines independently from interferon-gamma. Anticancer Res. 2002;22:931–936. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
44. Kwidzinski E, Bunse J, Aktas O, et al. Indolamine 2,3-dioxygenase is expressed in the CNS and down-regulates autoimmune inflammation. FASEB J. 2005;19:1347–1349. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
45. O’Connor JC, André C, Wang Y, Lawson MA, Szegedi SS, Lestage J, Castanon N, Kelley KW, Dantzer R. Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediate the upregulation of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase and the induction of depressive-like behavior in mice in response to bacillus Calmette-Guerin. J Neurosci. 2009;29:4200–4209. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
46. Pravica V, Perrey C, Stevens A, et al. A single nucleotide polymorphism in the first intron of the human INFG gene: Absolute correlation with a polymorphic CA micro marker of high INFG gene. Hum Immunol. 2000;61:8333–8366. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
47. Anuradha B, Rakh SS, Ishaq M, et al. Interferon-gamma Low producer genotype +874 overrepresented in Bacillus Calmette-Guerin nonresponding children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2008;27:325–329. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
48. Raitala A, Pertovaara M, Karjalainen J, et al. Association of interferon-gamma+874(T/A) single nucleotide polymorphism with the rate of tryptophan catabolism in healthy individuals. Scand J Immunol. 2005;61:387–39046. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
49. Jun TY, Pae CU, Hoon-Han, Chae JH, Bahk WM, Kim KS, Serretti A. Possible association between -G308A tumour necrosis factor-alpha gene polymorphism and major depressive disorder in the Korean population. Psychiatr Genet. 2003;13:179–181. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
50. Pae CU, Lee KU, Han H, et al. Tumor necrosis factor alpha gene-G308A polymorphism associated with bipolar I disorder in the Korean population. Psychiatry Res. 2004;125:65–68. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
51. Czerski PM, Rybakowski F, Kapelski P, et al. Association of tumor necrosis factor −308G/A promoter polymorphism with schizophrenia and bipolar affective disorder in a Polish population. Neuropsychobiology. 2008;57:88–94. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
52. Kawaguchi R, Ozawa-Kondo M, Ohta-Misaki I, et al. Prolactin (PRL) up-regulates indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) expression in CD14+ cells. Nihon Rinsho Meneki Gakkai Kaishi. 2005;228:407–412. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
53. Fox HS, Bond BL, Parslow TG, et al. Estrogen regulates the IFN-gamma promoter. J Immunol. 1991;146:4362–4367. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
54. Ozaki Y, Edelstein MP, Duch DS. The actions of interferon and antiinflammatory agents of induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase in human peripheral blood monocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1987;144:1147–1153. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
55. Leonard BE. The HPA and immune axes in stress: The involvement of the serotoninergic system. Eur Psychiatry. 2005;20:S302–S306. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
56. Leonard BE, Myint A. The psychoneuroimmunology of depression. Hum Psychopharmacol. 2009;24:165–175. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
57. Dilman VM, Lapin IP, Oxenkrug GF. Serotonin and aging. In: Essman W, editor. Serotonin in Health and Disease. vol. 5. New York, London: Spectrum; 1979. pp. 111–123. [Google Scholar]
58. Oxenkrug GF, McIntyre IM, Gershon S, et al. Dexamethasone suppression test: experimental model in rats and effect of age. Biol Psychiat. 1984;19:413–416. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
59. Oxenkrug GF, Pomara N, McIntyre I, et al. Aging and cortisol resistance to suppression by dexamethasone: A positive correlation. Psychiatry Res. 1983;10:125–130. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
60. Rodríguez MI, Escames G, López LC, et al. Chronic melatonin treatment reduces the age-dependent inflammatory process in senescence-accelerated mice. J Pineal Res. 2007;42:272–279. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
61. Lio D, Scola L, Crivello A, et al. Allele frequencies of +874T-A single nucleotide polymorphism at the first intron of interferon-gamma gene in a group of Italian centenarians. Exp Gerontol. 2002;37:315–319. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
62. Pertovaara M, Raitala A, Lehtimaki T, et al. Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase activity in nonagenarians is markedly increased and predicts mortality. Mech Ageing Dev. 2006;127:497–499. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
63. Oxenkrug GF. The extended life span of Drosophila melanogaster eye-color (white and vermilion) mutants with impaired formation of kynurenine. J Neural Transm. 2010;117:23–26. [PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
64. Skurkovich B, Skurkovich S. Inhibition of IFN-gamma as a method of treatment of various autoimmune diseases, including skin diseases. Ernst Schering Res Found Workshop. 2006;56:1–27. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
65. Kenis G, Maes M. Effects of antidepressants on the production of cytokines. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol. 2002;5:401–412. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
66. Brustolim D, Ribeiro-dos-Santos R, Kast RE, et al. A new chapter opens in anti-inflammatory treatments: The antidepressant bupropion lowers production of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interferon-gamma in mice. Int Immunopharmacol. 2006;6:903–907. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
67. Samsonova ML, Oxenkrug GF. Inhibition of substrate induction of TRY-pyrrolase in liver and increase in the content in 5-HT in brain under action of inhibitors of MAO. Vopr Med Khim. 1972;17:198–201. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
68. Oxenkrug GF. The acute effect of monoamine oxidase inhibitors on serotonin conversion to melatonin. In: Sandler M, Coppen A, Harnett S, editors. 5-hydroxytryptamine in psychiatry: A spectrum of ideas. Oxford, New York, Tokyo: Oxford University; 1991. pp. 98–109. [Google Scholar]
69. Sono M, Cady SG. Enzyme kinetic and spectroscopic studies of inhibitor and effector interactions with indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. 1. Norharman and 4-phenylimidazole binding to the enzyme as inhibitors and heme ligands. Biochemistry. 1989;28:5392–5399. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
70. Ryu JK, Choi HB, McLarnon JG. Combined minocycline plus pyruvate treatment enhances effects of each agent to inhibit inflammation, oxidative damage, and neuronal loss in an excitotoxic animal model of Huntington’s disease. Neuroscience. 2006;141:1835–1848. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
71. Cady SG, Sono M. 1-Methyl-DL-tryptophan, beta-(3-benzofuranyl)-DL-alanine (the oxygen analog of tryptophan), and beta-[3-benzo(b)thienyl]-DL-alanine (the sulfur analog of tryptophan) are competitive inhibitors for indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase. Arch Biochem Biophys. 1991;291:326–333. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
72. Oxenkrug GF, McIntyre IM, Gershon S. Effects of pinealectomy and aging on the serum corticosterone circadian rhythm in rats. J Pineal Res. 1984;1:181–185. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
73. Perianayagam MC, Oxenkrug GF, Jaber B. Immune modulating effects of melatonin, N-acetyl Serotonin and N-acetyl Dopamine. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2005;1053:386–393. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
74. Requintina PJ, Oxenkrug GF. Differential effects of lipopolysaccharide on lipid peroxidation in F344N, SHR rats and BALB/C mice and protection of melatonin and NAS against its toxicity. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2003;993:325–333. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
75. Bachurin S, Oxenkrug G, Lermontova N, et al. N-acetylserotonin, melatonin and their derivatives improve cognition and protect against beta-amyloid-induced neurotoxicity. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1999;890:155–166. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
76. Lapin IP, Mirzaev SM, Oxenkrug GF, et al. Anticonvulsant activity of melatonin against seizures induced by quinolinate, kainate, glutamate, NMDA and pentylenetetrazole in mice. J Pineal Res. 1998;24:215–218. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
77. Prakhie IV, Oxenkrug GF. The effect of nifedipine, Ca++ antagonist, on activity of MAO inhibitors, N-acetylserotonin and melatonin in the mouse tail suspension test. Intern J Neuropsychopharmacol. 1998;1:35–40. [PubMed] [Google Scholar]
